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Economic schools --- Economists --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1910-1919 --- Economics --- Political activity --- History --- Political aspects

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How did the telegraph, a new and revolutionary form of communication, affect diplomats, who tended to resist change? In a study based on impressive multinational research, David Paull Nickles examines the critical impact of the telegraph on the diplomacy of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Case studies in crisis diplomacy--the War of 1812, the Trent affair during the U.S. Civil War, and the famous 1917 Zimmermann telegram--introduce wide-ranging thematic discussions on the autonomy of diplomats; the effects of increased speed on decision making and public opinion; the neglected role of clerks in diplomacy; and the issues of expense, garbled text, espionage, and technophobia that initially made foreign ministries wary of telegraphy. Ultimately, the introduction of the telegraph contributed to the centralization of foreign ministries and the rising importance of signals intelligence. The faster pace of diplomatic disputes invited more emotional decisions by statesmen, while public opinion often exercised a belligerent influence on crises developing over a shorter time period. Under the Wire offers a fascinating new perspective on the culture of diplomacy and the social history of technology. Table of Contents: Introduction I. Control 1. The Anglo-American Crisis of 1812 2. Diplomatic Autonomy and Telecommunications II. Speed 3. The Trent Affair 4. Speed and Diplomacy 5. Diplomatic Time III. The Medium 6. The Zimmermann Telegram 7. Technical and Economic Factors Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Acknowledgments Index Reviews of this book: David Paull Nickles has plumbed the archives of four countries to determine just how transformative [the invention of the telegraph] really was. Under the Wire is a subtle and impressive examination of history.--Christian D. Brose, Wall Street JournalIn this study of the impact of telegraphy on the management of international relations, the reader is rewarded time and again by finding original observations regarding familiar events. This is a book that can have a shaping effect not only on the field of international relations but on many others, since it compels one to think hard about how changes in technology affect behavior and thought among groups with deeply rooted traditions and beliefs.--Ernest R. May, Harvard University

World history --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Transportation Economics --- Business & Economics --- Telegraph --- Diplomacy --- Diplomats --- Negotiation --- History. --- Bargaining --- Dickering --- Haggling --- Higgling --- Negotiating --- Negotiations --- Discussion --- Psychology, Applied --- Statesmen --- History

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This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry's response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.

migration [function] --- Demography --- Atlantic Ocean --- Europe --- Immigrants --- Steamboats --- Shipping companies (Marine transportation) --- History --- History. --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects. --- World history --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Business enterprises --- Puffers (Steamboats) --- Steamships --- Boats and boating --- Ships --- Steam-navigation --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- stoomvaart

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The pre-revolutionary Russian economy was backward and stagnant. Whatever the criticisms of the economy post-revolution, the turnaround in terms of growth and output was staggering. This book looks at the alternatives to Stalin's reform program that had such tragic outcomes. Applying the ideas of orthodox economic theory, Marxism and also institutionalism, the volume encourages the reader to think critically about the development of the Russian / Soviet economy, and also examines the original theories of Russian economists of the period. Intelligent writing, incisive insights and imp

Economic order --- History of Eastern Europe --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1930-1939 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1920-1929 --- Russian Federation --- Russia --- Russia - Economic conditions - 1861-1917. --- Russia - Economic policy - 1861-1917. --- Soviet Union - Economic conditions - 1917-1945. --- Soviet Union - Economic policy. --- Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Soviet Union --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Economic policy.

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This social and economic history of Mauritius, from French colonization in 1721 to the mid-1930s, describes changing relationships between different elements in the society, slave, free and maroon, and East Indian indentured populations. First published in 1999, it brings the Mauritian case to the attention of scholars of slavery and plantation systems.

Sugar workers --- Sugar trade --- Plantation life --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- History --- History. --- Sugar bounties --- Sugar industry --- Country life --- Sweetener industry --- Employees --- History of Africa --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1920-1929 --- anno 1930-1939 --- Mauritius